What the rodent prefrontal cortex can teach us about attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the critical role of early developmental events on prefrontal function.
نویسندگان
چکیده
The present review surveys a broad range of findings on the functions of the rodent prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the context of the known pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). An overview of clinical findings concludes that dysfunction of the right PFC plays a critical role in ADHD and that a number of early developmental factors conspire to increase the risk of the disorder. Rodent studies are described which go far in explaining how the core processes which are deficient in ADHD are mediated by the PFC and that the mesocortical dopamine (DA) system plays a central role in modulating these functions. These studies also demonstrate a surprising degree of cerebral lateralization of prefrontal function in the rat. Importantly, the PFC is highly vulnerable to a wide variety of early developmental insults, which parallel the known risk factors for ADHD. It is suggested that the regulation of physiological and behavioral arousal is a fundamental role of the PFC, upon which many "higher" prefrontal functions are dependent or at least influenced. These right hemispheric arousal systems, of which the mesocortical DA system is a component, are greatly affected by early adverse events, both peri- and postnatally. Abnormal development, particularly of the right PFC and its DAergic afferents, is suggested to contribute directly to the core deficits of ADHD through dysregulation of the right frontostriatal system.
منابع مشابه
What the rodent prefrontal cortex can teach us about attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the critical role of
The present review surveys a broad range of findings on the functions of the rodent prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the context of the known pathophysiology of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). An overview of clinical findings concludes that dysfunction of the right PFC plays a critical role in ADHD and that a number of early developmental factors conspire to increase the risk of the d...
متن کاملP152: Functional and Structural Brain Changes across Childhood Traumatic Events
Although childhood is connected with high neuroplasticity changes, but because of the immaturity of the neural and cognitive systems, it is ready to grow developmental deviations and future susceptibility for neuropsychological disorders. Young children face cognitive, emotional, and linguistic limits that may lead them more vulnerable to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD prevalence d...
متن کاملEffect of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on DLPFC and VMPFC on Improvement of delay discounting in children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Symptoms
Children with ADHD symptoms prefer smaller and immediate gain rather than bigger and long-term ones. This problem would result in impulsive behaviors and decision making. The aim of this study was to show the effect of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on DLPFC and VMPFC on Improvement of delay discounting in children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Symptoms.In this study...
متن کاملTowards conceptualizing a neural systems-based anatomy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Convergent data from neuroimaging, neuropsychological, genetic and neurochemical studies in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have implicated dysfunction of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), which form the cortical arm of the frontostriatal network supporting executive functions. Furthermore, besides the DLPFC and dACC, structu...
متن کاملGenetics of childhood disorders: XVIII. ADHD, Part. 2: Norepinephrine has a critical modulatory influence on prefrontal cortical function.
Dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a hndamental component of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The PFC uses working memory to intelligently guide behavior, inhibiting inappropriate impulses or distractions and allowing us to plan and organize effectively (see previous column). Individuals with ADHD are consistently impaired on tests of frontal lobe function, and both s...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Behavioural brain research
دوره 146 1-2 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2003